class: center, middle ## [Docker](/courses/#table-of-contents) ### Bazirano na verziji 1.12.3 .author[[Milovan Tomašević, Ph.D.](https://www.milovantomasevic.com/)] .small[.medium[[🌐➙ milovantomasevic.com](https://milovantomasevic.com)</br> [✎➙ tomas.ftn.e2@gmail.com](mailto:tomas.ftn.e2@gmail.com)]] .created[25.05.2020 u 22:38] --- class: split-20 nopadding background-image: url(../key.jpg) .column_t2.center[.vmiddle[ .fgtransparent[  ] ]] .column_t2[.vmiddle.nopadding[ .shadelight[.boxtitle1[ .small[ ## Acknowledgements #### University of Novi Sad | Serbia - [Igor Dejanović, Ph.D., Associate Professor](http://igordejanovic.net/) - [Faculty of Technical Sciences](http://ftn.uns.ac.rs/) - [Chair of Informatics](http://informatika.ftn.uns.ac.rs/) ]]] ]] .footer.small[ - #### Slides are created according to sources in the literature & Acknowledgements ] --- name: sadrzaj # Sadržaj - [Uvod](#uvod) - [Rad sa kontejnerima](#rad-sa-kontejnerima) - [Rad sa slikama](#rad-sa-slikama) - [Vizuelizacija](#vizuelizacija) --- name: uvod class: center, middle, inverse # Uvod --- layout: true .section[[Uvod](#sadrzaj)] --- ## Motivacija - Uvođenje (*Deployment*) - Okruženje (*Environment*) - Zavisnosti (*Dependencies*) - Ponovljivost (*Repeatability*) - Automatizacija --- ## Docker - Automatizacija procesa uvođenja upotrebom softverskih kontejera. - Izolacija aplikacije i svih njenih zavisnosti putem linux kernel *cgroups* i *namespaces* mehanizama. - Na Windows-u i Mac-u se izvršava u okviru virtuelne mašine. - Obezbeđivanje identičnog okruženja za rad aplikacije u vreme razvoja, testiranja i produkcije. - Ponovljivost - izbegavanje konfiguracionih problema pri promeni načina izvršavanja i okruženja(*cloud*, lokalno...). - Manje zauzeće resursa u odnosu na virtuelizaciju. - Veoma popularan. Velika zajednica. [Docker Hub](https://hub.docker.com/) - slično GitHub-u ali za tzv. doker slike (*Docker images*). - Apache 2.0 licenca. --- ## Arhitektura  - Registries, images, containers - Union file systems (layered): AUFS, btrfs,... - Linux kernel namespaces and cgroups .footer[ https://docs.docker.com/engine/introduction/understanding-docker/ ] --- name: rad-sa-kontejnerima class: center, middle, inverse layout: false # Rad sa kontejnerima --- layout: true .section[[Kontejneri](#sadrzaj)] --- ## *Hello World* u dokeru ``` $ docker run ubuntu:16.04 /bin/echo 'Hello world' Hello world ``` --- ## Interaktivni kontejner ``` $ docker run -t -i ubuntu:16.04 /bin/bash root@af8bae53bdd3:/# ``` - `-t` - alokacija pseudo terminala - `-i` - spajanje na `STDIN` ``` root@af8bae53bdd3:/# pwd / root@af8bae53bdd3:/# ls bin boot dev etc home lib lib64 media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var root@af8bae53bdd3:/# exit ``` --- ## "Demonizacija" ``` $ docker run -d ubuntu:16.04 /bin/sh -c "while true; do echo hello world; sleep 1; done" 1e5535038e285177d5214659a068137486f96ee5c2e85a4ac52dc83f2ebe4147 $ docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 1e5535038e28 ubuntu:16.04 /bin/sh -c 'while tr 2 minutes ago Up 1 minute insane_babbage $ docker logs insane_babbage hello world hello world hello world $ docker stop insane_babbage insane_babbage $ docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES ``` - `-d` | `--detach` - ne "kačiti" se za STDOUT --- ## Pokretanje jednostavne veb aplikacije - Pokretanje jednostavne `Python Flask` aplikacije. ``` $ docker run -d -P training/webapp python app.py $ docker ps -l CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED bc533791f3f5 training/webapp:latest python app.py 5 seconds ago STATUS PORTS NAMES Up 2 seconds 0.0.0.0:49155->5000/tcp nostalgic_morse ``` - `-P` - Mapiranje porta iz intervala 32768-61000 na exportovane portove kontejnera - Može i ... ``` $ docker run -d -p 80:5000 training/webapp python app.py ``` --- ## Python Flask aplikacija  --- ## IP adresa - Ukoliko se kontejner izvršava na drugoj mašini treba nam IP adresa da bi pristupili aplikaciji. ``` $ docker-machine ip my-docker-vm 192.168.99.100 ``` - Koristiti `http://192.168.1.100:49155/` za pristup --- ## "Prečica" za dobijanje preslikanog porta ``` $ docker port nostalgic_morse 5000 0.0.0.0:49155 ``` --- ## Pregled dnevnika (*logs*) ``` $ docker logs -f nostalgic_morse * Running on http://0.0.0.0:5000/ (Press CTRL+C to quit) 172.17.0.1 - - [15/Dec/2016 15:14:20] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 - 172.17.0.1 - - [15/Dec/2016 15:14:20] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 404 - 172.17.0.1 - - [15/Dec/2016 15:14:20] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 404 - ``` - `-f` "forever" - terminal ostaje "zakačen" na STDOUT kontejnera --- ## Pregled procesa ``` $ docker top nostalgic_morse UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD root 20409 20393 0 16:10 ? 00:00:00 python app.py ``` --- ## Zauzeće resursa kontejnera .medium[ ``` $ docker stats --no-stream nostalgic_morse CONTAINER CPU % MEM USAGE / LIMIT MEM % NET I/O BLOCK I/O PIDS elegant_meitner 0.02% 24.06 MiB / 7.493 GiB 0.31% 3.895 kB / 3.686 kB 13.33 MB / 0 B 1 ``` ] - `--no-stream` - vrati prvi rezultat --- ## Inspekcija kontejnera ``` $ docker inspect nostalgic_morse [ { "Id": "650bf9569f884b0bbb1274c0af88b002b4e5e6556438484ae79dcd275a4f7930", "Created": "2016-12-15T15:10:53.460834861Z", "Path": "python", "Args": [ "app.py" ], "State": { "Status": "running", "Running": true, "Paused": false, "Restarting": false, "OOMKilled": false, "Dead": false, "Pid": 20409, . . . ``` --- ## Povezivanje za kontejner koji se izvršava - Ukoliko se pokrene interaktivna sesija pri pokretanju kontejnera navođenjem `-t -i` parametara, konzola se može "otkačiti" sa `Ctrl-P-Q`. - Na konzolu kontejnera se opet može povezati sa: ``` $ docker attach nostalgic_morse ``` --- ## Pristup kontejneru koji se izvršava - Nekada kontejner nema aktivan <code>shell</code>. U tom slučaju ukoliko se povežemo sa <code>attach</code> nemamo interakciju već imamo samo ispis aplikacije koja se izvršava. - U kontekstu kontejnera koji se izvršava moguće je izvršiti proizvoljnu komandu. ``` $ docker exec -it mycontainer bash root@bd57610aa95a:/usr/src/redmine# ``` - Ne zaboraviti završetak sesije sa `exit` ili `Ctrl-D`. --- ## Zaustavljanje i uklanjanje kontejnera ``` $ docker stop nostalgic_morse nostalgic_morse $ docker rm nostalgic_morse nostalgic_morse ``` --- name: rad-sa-slikama class: center, middle, inverse layout: false # Rad sa slikama (*images*) --- layout: true .section[[Slike](#sadrzaj)] --- ## Rad sa slikama (*images*) - Kontejner koji radi je baziran na slici (*image*) analogno klasi i instanci/objektu kod OO jezika - Kod pokretanja, ako slika ne postoji lokalno preuzima se sa udaljenog repozitorijuma (npr. *Docker Hub*) --- ## Listanje slika ``` $ docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE ubuntu 16.04 1d073211c498 3 days ago 187.9 MB busybox latest 2c5ac3f849df 5 days ago 1.113 MB training/webapp latest 54bb4e8718e8 5 months ago 348.7 MB ``` - Repozitorijum sadrži potencijalno više varijanti slike. Na primer ubuntu sadrži verzije 10.04, 12.04, 12.10, 13.04, 13.10, 14.04, 16.04... - Da bi se pokrenula određena verzija (*tag*) slike koristi se komanda: ``` $ docker run -t -i ubuntu:12.04 /bin/bash ``` - Ukoliko se ne navede oznaka podrazumeva se `latest`. --- ## Preuzimanje slika - `run` komanda će automatski preuzeti sliku ukoliko ne postoji lokalno. - Slika se može i eksplicitno preuzeti komandom `docker pull`. ``` $ docker pull centos Pulling repository centos b7de3133ff98: Pulling dependent layers 5cc9e91966f7: Pulling fs layer 511136ea3c5a: Download complete ef52fb1fe610: Download complete . . . Status: Downloaded newer image for centos $ docker run -t -i centos /bin/bash bash-4.1# ``` --- ## Pronalaženje doker slike - Putem [Docker Hub](https://hub.docker.com/) sajta. - ...ili upotrebom `docker search` komande. .small[ ``` $ docker search sinatra NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED erikap/ruby-sinatra Docker for hosting Sinatra apps 12 [OK] semtech/mu-sinatra-template Template for running Ruby/Sinatra microser... 2 [OK] zyio/sinatra Tiny-ish Sinatra Dockerfile 1 [OK] samlet/microservices-sinatra-products microservices with sinatra 1 [OK] lucymhdavies/sinatra-boilerplate Docker image with my boilerplate for Sinat... 1 [OK] thomastanmin/sinatra This is the docker example with auto build... 1 [OK] tdiary/rpaproxy-sinatra 1 [OK] convox/sinatra Convox base image for Sinatra 0 [OK] . . . ``` ] - *OFFICIAL* - Podrška od strane Docker, Inc. - *AUTOMATED* - [Automatizovana izgradanja](https://docs.docker.com/engine/userguide/dockerrepos/#automated-builds) sa GitHub ili Bitbucket-a. --- ## Vrste slika - *base* ili *root* slike - izgrađene i podržane od strane Docker Inc. Identifikuju se prostim imenom (npr. *ubuntu*). - *korisničke* slike (*user* images) - imaju korisničko ime kao prefix (npr. *training/sinatra*). Izgrađeni i podržani od strane članova doker zajednice. --- ## Preuzimanje korisničke slike i startovanje kontejnera ``` $ docker pull training/sinatra $ docker run -t -i training/sinatra /bin/bash root@a8cb6ce02d85:/# ``` --- ## Kreiranje slika - Dva načina: - Interaktivno ažuriranje stanja kontejnera i perzistencija nove verzije `commit` operacijom. - Kreiranje `Dockerfile` fajla koji opisuje postupak izgradnje nove slike polazeći od postojeće i primenom niza komandi. - Koristiti drugi način kad god je moguće. --- ## Interaktivno ažuriranje stanja kontejnera ``` $ docker run -t -i training/sinatra /bin/bash root@0b2616b0e5a8:/# root@0b2616b0e5a8:/# gem install json ... root@0b2616b0e5a8:/# exit $ docker commit -m "Added json gem" -a "Kate Smith" 0b2616b0e5a8 ouruser/sinatra:v2 4f177bd27a9ff0f6dc2a830403925b5360bfe0b93d476f7fc3231110e7f71b1c ``` - `-m` - *commit* poruka - `-a` - autor --- ## Upotreba nove slike ``` $ docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE training/sinatra latest 5bc342fa0b91 10 hours ago 446.7 MB ouruser/sinatra v2 3c59e02ddd1a 10 hours ago 446.7 MB ouruser/sinatra latest 5db5f8471261 10 hours ago 446.7 MB $ docker run -t -i ouruser/sinatra:v2 /bin/bash root@78e82f680994:/# ``` --- ## Izgradnja slike upotrebom Dockerfile fajla ``` $ mkdir sinatra $ cd sinatra $ touch Dockerfile ``` Sadržaj fajla ``` # This is a comment FROM ubuntu:14.04 MAINTAINER Kate Smith <ksmith@example.com> RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y ruby ruby-dev RUN gem install sinatra ``` --- ## Docker build komanda ``` $ docker build -t ouruser/sinatra:v2 . Sending build context to Docker daemon 2.048 kB Sending build context to Docker daemon Step 1 : FROM ubuntu:14.04 ---> e54ca5efa2e9 Step 2 : MAINTAINER Kate Smith <ksmith@example.com> ---> Using cache ---> 851baf55332b Step 3 : RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y ruby ruby-dev ---> Running in 3a2558904e9b Selecting previously unselected package libasan0:amd64. (Reading database ... 11518 files and directories currently installed.) ... Removing intermediate container 3a2558904e9b Step 4 : RUN gem install sinatra ---> Running in 6b81cb6313e5 Successfully installed rack-1.5.2 Successfully installed tilt-1.4.1 ... Removing intermediate container 6b81cb6313e5 Successfully built 97feabe5d2ed ``` --- ## Docker context - Izgradnju slike obavlja doker demon proces. - Pre početka klijent šalje zapakovan sadržaj foldera koji je prosleđen kao parametar. - Ovaj folder minimalno treba da ima <code>Dockerfile</code> ali može imati i dodatne fajlove i foldere koji se mogu po potrebi ugraditi u kontejner komandom <code>ADD</code>. *Napomena:* Celokupan folder se pakuje i šalje demon procesu. Paziti da folder sadrži samo zaista potrebne fajlove. --- ## Označavanje slika (*tagging*) - Svakoj verziji slike možemo dati simboličku oznaku (*tag*). ``` $ docker tag 5db5f8471261 ouruser/sinatra:devel $ docker images ouruser/sinatra REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE ouruser/sinatra latest 5db5f8471261 11 hours ago 446.7 MB ouruser/sinatra devel 5db5f8471261 11 hours ago 446.7 MB ouruser/sinatra v2 5db5f8471261 11 hours ago 446.7 MB ``` --- ## Slanje slika na Docker Hub ``` $ docker push ouruser/sinatra The push refers to a repository [ouruser/sinatra] (len: 1) Sending image list Pushing repository ouruser/sinatra (3 tags) . . . ``` --- ## Uklanjanje slike sa računara ``` $ docker rmi training/sinatra Untagged: training/sinatra:latest Deleted: 5bc342fa0b91cabf65246837015197eecfa24b2213ed6a51a8974ae250fedd8d Deleted: ed0fffdcdae5eb2c3a55549857a8be7fc8bc4241fb19ad714364cbfd7a56b22f Deleted: 5c58979d73ae448df5af1d8142436d81116187a7633082650549c52c3a2418f0 ``` --- name: dockerfile class: center, middle, inverse layout: false # [Dockerfile](https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/builder/) --- name: docker-data-volumes class: center, middle, inverse layout: false # [Docker Data Volumes](https://docs.docker.com/engine/tutorials/dockervolumes/) --- name: docker-compose class: center, middle, inverse layout: false # [Docker Compose](https://docs.docker.com/compose/) --- name: docker-swarm class: center, middle, inverse layout: false # [Docker Swarm](https://www.docker.com/products/docker-swarm) --- name: vizuelizacija class: center, middle, inverse layout: false # Vizuelizacija doker kontejnera --- layout: true .section[[Vizuelizacija](#sadrzaj)] --- ## dockviz - Alat za vizualizaciju doker slika - Dostupan na [GitHub-u](https://github.com/justone/dockviz). - Može se instalirati kao doker slika: .medium[ ``` $ docker pull nate/dockviz Using default tag: latest latest: Pulling from nate/dockviz 8bd831364921: Pull complete 3dfb5e1486b5: Pull complete 607d274e6daa: Pull complete Digest: sha256:9afe152b794ae8480b230545ec75bc81f5e11a0b9d28158bb609479de5a95a72 Status: Downloaded newer image for nate/dockviz:latest $ alias dockviz="docker run --rm -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock nate/dockviz" ``` ] --- ## Vizualizacija veza između kontejnera ``` $ dockviz containers -d | dot -Tpng -o containers.png ```  --- ## Vizualizacija međuzavisnosti i veličina slika ``` $ dockviz images -t -i └─511136ea3c5a Virtual Size: 0.0 B ├─f10ebce2c0e1 Virtual Size: 103.7 MB │ └─82cdea7ab5b5 Virtual Size: 255.5 KB │ └─5dbd9cb5a02f Virtual Size: 1.9 KB │ └─74fe38d11401 Virtual Size: 105.7 MB Tags: ubuntu:12.04, ubuntu:precise ├─ef519c9ee91a Virtual Size: 100.9 MB │ └─07302703becc Virtual Size: 251.0 KB │ └─cf8dc907452c Virtual Size: 1.9 KB │ └─a7cf8ae4e998 Virtual Size: 70.1 MB Tags: ubuntu:12.10, ubuntu:quantal │ ├─e18d8001204e Virtual Size: 29.4 KB │ │ └─d0525208a46c Virtual Size: 71.0 B │ │ └─59dac4bae93b Virtual Size: 71.2 MB │ │ └─89541b3b35f2 Virtual Size: 269.3 MB │ │ └─7dac4e98548e Virtual Size: 0.0 B │ │ └─341d0cc3fac8 Virtual Size: 0.0 B ... ``` --- layout: false ## Reference - [Doker dokumentacija](https://docs.docker.com/) - [dockviz dokumentacija](https://github.com/justone/dockviz) -- class: center, middle, theend, hide-text layout: false background-image: url(../theend.gif)
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